{"id":1568,"date":"2025-09-08T09:59:11","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T09:59:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/?p=1568"},"modified":"2025-09-08T10:00:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T10:00:28","slug":"orta-asyayi-sicak-denizlere-baglayacak-trans-afgan-demiryolu-projesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/tr\/2025\/09\/08\/orta-asyayi-sicak-denizlere-baglayacak-trans-afgan-demiryolu-projesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 S\u0131cak Denizlere Ba\u011flayacak Trans-Afgan Demiryolu Projesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Afganistan \u00fczerine okudu\u011fumuz kitaplarda, makalelerde ve dinledi\u011fimiz konu\u015fmalarda, \u00fclkenin co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve konumunu tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in s\u0131k\u00e7a \u2018Asya\u2019n\u0131n Kalbi\u2019 ya da \u2018Asya\u2019n\u0131n Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019 ifadeleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. G\u00fcney Asya, Orta Asya ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019nun tam kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131nda yer alan Afganistan; do\u011fuda \u00c7in, kuzeyde Orta Asya T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri, bat\u0131da \u0130ran ve g\u00fcneyde Pakistan ile \u00e7evrilidir. Bu stratejik konum, Afganistan\u2019\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir s\u0131n\u0131r \u00fclkesi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u0131talar aras\u0131 etkile\u015fimin merkezi haline getirmi\u015ftir. Tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nun ana g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131ndan biri Afganistan\u2019dan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00c7in\u2019den ba\u015flayarak Orta Asya \u00fczerinden Akdeniz limanlar\u0131na uzanan kervan yollar\u0131, Afganistan\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k vadilerini, y\u00fcksek ge\u00e7itlerini ve verimli ovalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ticaret a\u011flar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sadece mallar de\u011fil, dinler (Budizm, Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck, \u0130slam), k\u00fclt\u00fcrler ve fikirler de b\u00f6lgeye ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tarihsel rol, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Afganistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Nas\u0131l ki ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u0130pek Yolu Afganistan \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en ticaretin ana damarlar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015fsa, bug\u00fcn de Afganistan benzer bir \u015fekilde b\u00f6lgesel ula\u015f\u0131m ve ticaret a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde yer alabilir. Bunun en somut \u00f6rneklerinden biri, son d\u00f6nemde g\u00fcndeme gelen Afgan-Trans (\u00d6zbekistan-Afganistan-Pakistan, UAP) demiryolu Projesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Trans-Afgan Projesi\u2019nin hedeflerini, \u00d6zbekistan ve di\u011fer Orta Asya \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir f\u0131rsata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fini ve projenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde duran engelleri ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zbekistan-Afganistan-Pakistan (UAP) demiryolu projesi nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proje, Afganistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nceki cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde 2018\u2019de g\u00fcndeme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f; ilk somut ad\u0131mlar ise \u015eubat 2021\u2019de at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihte \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclke, Ta\u015fkent\u2019te planlama ve in\u015fa i\u00e7in bir yol haritas\u0131 belirleyen \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc anla\u015fmay\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Taliban\u2019\u0131n K\u00e2bil\u2019de yeniden iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle Eyl\u00fcl 2021\u2019de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen in\u015faat ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 rafa kalksa da fiil\u00ee Taliban y\u00f6netimi k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra projeye yeniden kat\u0131lma niyetini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temmuz 2022\u2019de Afganistan kesiminde en uygun ve maliyet etkin g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n belirlenmesi amac\u0131yla ke\u015fif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; May\u0131s 2023\u2019te Ta\u015fkent\u2019te ortak geli\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 koordine etmek ve uygulamay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak \u00fczere resm\u00ee bir proje ofisi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l temmuzda taraflar, \u0130slamabad\u2019da m\u00fczakerelerin son a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7meyi kararla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. May\u0131s 2024\u2019te \u00d6zbekistan Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakan\u0131 \u0130lhom Mahkamov bir m\u00fchendis ekibiyle Afganistan\u2019\u0131 ziyaret ederek in\u015faata haz\u0131rl\u0131k s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 Temmuz\u2019da \u0130slamabad\u2019da Pakistan ve Afganistan d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ilk \u201cM\u00fcste\u015far Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 D\u00fczeyi Mekanizmas\u0131\u201d toplant\u0131s\u0131nda iki \u00fclke, UAP demiryolu projesine ili\u015fkin \u00c7er\u00e7eve Anla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n nihai h\u00e2le getirilmesine odaklanma konusunda mutab\u0131k kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Taraflar, ter\u00f6rizmin b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenli\u011fe tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011funu kabul ederek b\u00f6lgesel ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki zorluklar\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in ikili angajmana ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 teyit etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ivmenin hemen \u00f6ncesinde, 3 Haziran\u2019da Pakistan Demiryollar\u0131 Federal Bakan\u0131 Muhammed Hanif Abbasi ile Pakistan\u2019daki \u00d6zbekistan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Ali \u015eir Tahtai, \u0130slamabad\u2019daki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede UAP projesini tamamlama kararl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yinelemi\u015f ve demiryolu in\u015faat\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131n gelecekte ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in ortak bir strateji olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Abbasi, projenin tamamlanmas\u0131yla Pakistan\u2019\u0131n Orta Asya\u2019ya en k\u0131sa ve en verimli g\u00fczerg\u00e2ha sahip olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131; bunun yaln\u0131zca ticaret hacimlerini art\u0131rmakla kalmay\u0131p b\u00f6lge ekonomisini daha sa\u011flam bir zemine oturtaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece Afganistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kabil\u2019in ev sahipli\u011fi ile 17 Temmuz 2025 g\u00fcn\u00fc Taliban ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Bay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Pakistan Demiryollar\u0131 Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00d6zbekistan Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Trans-Afgan Demiryolu projesine ili\u015fkin fizibilite \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanarak projenin hayata ge\u00e7irilece\u011fi beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nerilen UAP hatt\u0131, Orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 Afganistan \u00fczerinden Pakistan\u2019daki Gvadar ve Kara\u00e7i limanlar\u0131na ba\u011flayacakt\u0131r. 850 kilometrelik bu koridorun, Orta ve G\u00fcney Asya aras\u0131ndaki ilk do\u011frudan demiryolu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve 2027\u2019de tamamlanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Hat, \u00d6zbekistan\u2019dan Pakistan\u2019a transit s\u00fcreyi en az be\u015f g\u00fcn k\u0131saltacak ve ta\u015f\u0131ma maliyetlerini y\u00fczde 40 azaltacakt\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,8 milyar dolar maliyete sahip proje, Ta\u015fkent\u2019i K\u00e2bil \u00fczerinden Pe\u015faver\u2019e ba\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Denize \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmayan Orta Asya \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nemde olan bu hat, Pakistan\u2019daki deniz limanlar\u0131na ve Hint Okyanusu\u2019na do\u011frudan eri\u015fim sa\u011flayacak; genel olarak Avrupa Birli\u011fi, Rusya, Hindistan, \u00d6zbekistan, Afganistan ve Pakistan\u2019\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Demiryolu hem yolcu hem y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na hizmet ederek \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki turist ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 da artacak; Orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 bir transit merkez olarak konumland\u0131racak ve milyonlarca ton do\u011fal kayna\u011f\u0131n kuzey-g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Rusya\u2019ya, do\u011fu-bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Avrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Fakat yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi bu proje her ne kadar f\u0131rsatlarla dolu olsa da \u00f6n\u00fcnde birtak\u0131m engeller de mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trans-Afgan projesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ne t\u00fcr engeller var?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eu ana kadar resmi ve diplomatik ilerlemenin yan\u0131nda ciddi yap\u0131sal ve g\u00fcvenlik kaynakl\u0131 engeller da bulunuyor. \u00d6ncelikle, \u00d6zbekistan Demiryollar\u0131 ile Pakistan Demiryollar\u0131 farkl\u0131 hat a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 kullan\u0131yor; Afganistan\u2019\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k da bunlardan farkl\u0131 ve \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki baz\u0131 demiryollar\u0131 kendi aralar\u0131nda dahi farkl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere sahip. \u00dc\u00e7 \u00fclke in\u015faata ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nceki hemen hemen t\u00fcm konularda uzla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olsa da ulus\u00f6tesi ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in ortak bir standart a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k \u00fczerinde hen\u00fcz mutabakat sa\u011flayamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan g\u00fcvenlik boyutu, en az teknik standartlar kadar belirleyici. \u00d6nerilen g\u00fczerg\u00e2h, Afganistan ve Pakistan\u2019da silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerini ve altyap\u0131 projelerini hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 istikrars\u0131z b\u00f6lgelerden ge\u00e7ecek. Hat, \u00d6zbekistan\u2019da Termez\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p Afganistan\u2019da Mezar-\u0131 \u015eerif ve Logar\u2019dan ge\u00e7erek Kurram s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131ndan Pakistan\u2019\u0131n Hayber Pahtunhva eyaletine girecek. Fakat g\u00fcvenlik anlamda Afganistan, Taliban yetkilileri ve yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 hedef alan DAE\u015e Horasan Vilayeti\u2019nin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. Pakistan ise Afganistan\u2019daki Taliban taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilen Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), \u00f6zellikle Hayber Pahtunhva eyaleti ile Afganistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki kabile b\u00f6lgelerinde istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 derinle\u015ftirmeye devam etmektedir. Nitekim 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde en fazla ter\u00f6r eyleminin bu eyalette ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi belirtilmektedir. Konuyla ili\u015fkin Mart ay\u0131nda Pakistan, Taliban y\u00f6netimini Pakistan kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 militan gruplar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak ve s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 organize etmekle su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130slamabad ile K\u00e2bil aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fckselen tansiyon da projenin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki di\u011fer \u00f6nemli g\u00fcvenlik engellerden biri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Son aylarda Afganistan ve Pakistan s\u0131n\u0131rda s\u0131k s\u0131k ate\u015f de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Afganistan ile Pakistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda benzer olaylar\u0131n s\u0131k ya\u015fanmas\u0131, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde her an gerilime yol a\u00e7abilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu sorunun temelden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememesi, Trans-Afgan\/UAP projesinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6nemli engellerden biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neticede Trans-Afgan\/UAP demiryolu projesi, Orta Asya \u00fclkelerine denizlere a\u00e7\u0131lan bir kap\u0131 sunmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel ticaretin maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi ve yeni ekonomik f\u0131rsatlar yaratmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan stratejik \u00f6neme sahiptir. K\u0131sacas\u0131, bu projenin hayata ge\u00e7mesi Asya\u2019n\u0131n kalbinin yeniden canlanmas\u0131 demektir. Ancak projenin hayata ge\u00e7irilebilmesi, yaln\u0131zca teknik ve mali i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcvenlik risklerinin ve siyasi belirsizliklerin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Afganistan ve Pakistan aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r hatt\u0131nda ya\u015fanan istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klar, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik tehditleri projenin gelece\u011fini belirsiz k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle projenin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkenin ortak \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 destek ve b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik i\u015fbirli\u011fine de ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, Trans-Afgan Projesi Orta ve G\u00fcney Asya\u2019y\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc olma potansiyelini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r; ancak bu potansiyelin ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, siyasi irade kadar g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131ndaki kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere de ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abdul Satar Kawa<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Afganistan \u00fczerine okudu\u011fumuz kitaplarda, makalelerde ve dinledi\u011fimiz konu\u015fmalarda, \u00fclkenin co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve konumunu tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in s\u0131k\u00e7a \u2018Asya\u2019n\u0131n Kalbi\u2019 ya da \u2018Asya\u2019n\u0131n Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019 ifadeleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. G\u00fcney Asya, Orta Asya ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019nun tam kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131nda yer alan Afganistan; do\u011fuda \u00c7in, kuzeyde Orta Asya T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri, bat\u0131da \u0130ran ve g\u00fcneyde Pakistan ile \u00e7evrilidir. Bu stratejik konum, Afganistan\u2019\u0131 yaln\u0131zca…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70,181],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1568"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1568"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1573,"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1568\/revisions\/1573"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afgrc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}